If the two numbers are a and b, a+b=17. We can choose b to be the smaller number.
2 times the larger=2a; 4 times the smaller=4b.
The next part of the question is confusing, so let's assume that 4b=2a+10 (4 times the smaller number is 10 more than twice the larger). b=17-a, so 4(17-a)=2a+10, 68-4a=2a+10, 6a=58, a=29/3, b=22/3.
Now let's assume that 4b=2a-10 (4 times the smaller number is 10 less than twice the larger). 68-4a=2a-10, 6a=78, a=13, b=4 (this is the more likely solution).