Distance=speed times time. Time=distance/speed. Speed=distance/time.
To average 10mph for the whole trip he must complete it in 24/10=2.4 hours.
He has completed 12 miles at 8mph and this has taken him 12/8=1.5 hours so he must complete the remainder of his trip (12 miles) in 2.4-1.5=0.9 hours. His speed must be 12/0.9=120/9=40/3=13⅓ mph.