x - 2y = 16
You can't 'solve' this. It's just an equation. Perhaps you want to put it into the standard form of
y = mx + c
where m = slope and c = y-intercept ?
If that's what you want, then this is how to do it. 
x - 2y = 16
Subtract x from both sides of the equation:
x - x - 2y = 16 - x
- 2y = - x + 16
Now you can divide both sides of the equation by - 2:
(- 2y)/(-2) = (- x)/(-2) + 16/(-2)
y = x/2 - 8 = (1/2)x - 8
So the slope is 1/2 and the y-intercept is -8 .