A boy flies a kite, which is 100ft. above the ground. If the string is pulled out a  rate of 10ft/sec, because the wind carries the kite horizontally directly away from the boy, what is the rate of change of the angle of elevation of the kite when the angle is 30 degrees?
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We can relate the horizontal extension x of the string to the angle of elevation θ: tanθ=100/x. Differentiate with respect to time t: sec²θdθ/dt=-(100/x²)dx/dt.

dθ/dt is the rate of change of the angle of elevation, and dx/dt is the horizontal rate of change of the length of the string, which is 10 ft/s. Therefore sec²θdθ/dt=-(100/x²)(10)=-1000/x².

When θ=30°, x=100cotθ=100√3 feet (this is the horizontal ground distance to a point directly beneath the kite, not the length of the kite string). We plug in (x,θ)=(100√3,30): 

sec²θdθ/dt=1000/(100√3)²=-1/30, sec²30=4/3, and dθ/dt=-1/30×¾=-1/40=-0.025°/s approx. This means that the rate of change is a decrease in the angle of elevation which is 0.025 degrees per second at the instantaneous point where the angle of elevation was 30°. At this point, the length of the string was 200 feet (at an angle of 30°), but the string is extended horizontally, not at an angle of 30°.

Alternative solution using x=100cotθ, dx/dt=-100cosec²θdθ/dt.

dx/dt=10, θ=30°, 10=-100×4dθ/dt, so dθ/dt=-1/40 degrees per second.

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